by The network stack in Contiki OS is
| Layer | Protocols Available |
| MAC | csma.c and nullmac.c |
| RDC | contikimac.c, xmac.c, lpp.c, nullrdc-noframer.c, nullrdc.c and sicslowmac.c |
| Framer | framer-802154.c and framer-nullmac.c |
By default, the following configuration is used in Contiki OS:-
- Network: rime_driver
- MAC: nullmac_driver
- RDC: nullrdc_driver
- Framer: framer_nullmac
- Radio: nullradio_driver
A detailed explanation about the network stack can be found in Contiki Wiki. Let us now dive into the tutorial.
Note: We will be using the project configuration file method as it is a much better approach and doesn’t hamper with the main platform configuration files.
Step 1: Navigate to home/contiki-2.7/examples/ipv6
Step 2: Make a copy of backup file of Makefile and name it Makefile-copy
Step 3: Let’s create a file called my-conf.h. This file should be inserted into your Makefile. Open the file named Makefile using any editor like gedit, nano or vi.
CONTIKI = ../../.. CFLAGS += -DPROJECT_CONF_H=\"my-conf.h\"
Step 4: Now open your file my-conf.h using any editor and start editing based on your required configuration
#ifndef NETSTACK_CONF_MAC #define NETSTACK_CONF_MAC csma_driver #endif /* NETSTACK_CONF_MAC */ #ifndef NETSTACK_CONF_RDC #define NETSTACK_CONF_RDC contikimac_driver #endif /* NETSTACK_CONF_RDC */ #ifndef NETSTACK_CONF_RDC_CHANNEL_CHECK_RATE #define NETSTACK_CONF_RDC_CHANNEL_CHECK_RATE 8 #endif /* NETSTACK_CONF_RDC_CHANNEL_CHECK_RATE */ #ifndef NETSTACK_CONF_RADIO #define NETSTACK_CONF_RADIO cc2420_driver #endif /* NETSTACK_CONF_RADIO */ #ifndef NETSTACK_CONF_FRAMER #define NETSTACK_CONF_FRAMER framer_802154 #endif /* NETSTACK_CONF_FRAMER */
Step 5: In order for your configuration to work you need to navigate to the folder /home/contiki-2.7/platform/sky/contiki-conf.h
Step 6: Open contiki-conf.h and bring the following lines at the start of the file below define CONTIKI_CONF_H which is located at the end of contiki-conf.h
/* include the project config / / PROJECT_CONF_H might be defined in the project Makefile */
ifdef PROJECT_CONF_H
include PROJECT_CONF_H
endif /* PROJECT_CONF_H */
Note 1: Your contiki-conf.h file beginning lines should look like this after making the changes
/* -- C -- */ ifndef CONTIKI_CONF_H define CONTIKI_CONF_H /* include the project config / / PROJECT_CONF_H might be defined in the project Makefile */ ifdef PROJECT_CONF_H include PROJECT_CONF_H endif /* PROJECT_CONF_H */
Note 2: The entire contiki-conf.h file looks like this after modifications
/* -- C -- */
ifndef CONTIKI_CONF_H
define CONTIKI_CONF_H
/* include the project config / / PROJECT_CONF_H might be defined in the project Makefile */
ifdef PROJECT_CONF_H
include PROJECT_CONF_H
endif /* PROJECT_CONF_H */
ifdef PLATFORM_CONF_H
include PLATFORM_CONF_H
else
include "platform-conf.h"
endif /* PLATFORM_CONF_H */
ifndef NETSTACK_CONF_MAC
define NETSTACK_CONF_MAC csma_driver
endif /* NETSTACK_CONF_MAC */
ifndef NETSTACK_CONF_RDC
define NETSTACK_CONF_RDC contikimac_driver
endif /* NETSTACK_CONF_RDC */
ifndef NETSTACK_CONF_RDC_CHANNEL_CHECK_RATE
define NETSTACK_CONF_RDC_CHANNEL_CHECK_RATE 8
endif /* NETSTACK_CONF_RDC_CHANNEL_CHECK_RATE */
ifndef NETSTACK_CONF_RADIO
define NETSTACK_CONF_RADIO cc2420_driver
endif /* NETSTACK_CONF_RADIO */
ifndef NETSTACK_CONF_FRAMER
define NETSTACK_CONF_FRAMER framer_802154
endif /* NETSTACK_CONF_FRAMER */
ifndef CC2420_CONF_AUTOACK
define CC2420_CONF_AUTOACK 1
endif /* CC2420_CONF_AUTOACK */
/* Specify whether the RDC layer should enable
per-packet power profiling. */
define CONTIKIMAC_CONF_COMPOWER 1
define XMAC_CONF_COMPOWER 1
define CXMAC_CONF_COMPOWER 1
if WITH_UIP6
/* Network setup for IPv6 */
define NETSTACK_CONF_NETWORK sicslowpan_driver
/* Specify a minimum packet size for 6lowpan compression to be
enabled. This is needed for ContikiMAC, which needs packets to be
larger than a specified size, if no ContikiMAC header should be
used. */
define SICSLOWPAN_CONF_COMPRESSION_THRESHOLD 63
define CONTIKIMAC_CONF_WITH_CONTIKIMAC_HEADER 0
define CXMAC_CONF_ANNOUNCEMENTS 0
define XMAC_CONF_ANNOUNCEMENTS 0
ifndef QUEUEBUF_CONF_NUM
define QUEUEBUF_CONF_NUM 8
endif
else /* WITH_UIP6 */
/* Network setup for non-IPv6 (rime). */
define NETSTACK_CONF_NETWORK rime_driver
define COLLECT_CONF_ANNOUNCEMENTS 1
define CXMAC_CONF_ANNOUNCEMENTS 0
define XMAC_CONF_ANNOUNCEMENTS 0
define CONTIKIMAC_CONF_ANNOUNCEMENTS 0
ifndef COLLECT_NEIGHBOR_CONF_MAX_COLLECT_NEIGHBORS
define COLLECT_NEIGHBOR_CONF_MAX_COLLECT_NEIGHBORS 32
endif /* COLLECT_NEIGHBOR_CONF_MAX_COLLECT_NEIGHBORS */
ifndef QUEUEBUF_CONF_NUM
define QUEUEBUF_CONF_NUM 16
endif /* QUEUEBUF_CONF_NUM */
ifndef TIMESYNCH_CONF_ENABLED
define TIMESYNCH_CONF_ENABLED 0
endif /* TIMESYNCH_CONF_ENABLED */
if TIMESYNCH_CONF_ENABLED
/* CC2420 SDF timestamps must be on if timesynch is enabled. */
undef CC2420_CONF_SFD_TIMESTAMPS
define CC2420_CONF_SFD_TIMESTAMPS 1
endif /* TIMESYNCH_CONF_ENABLED */
endif /* WITH_UIP6 */
define PACKETBUF_CONF_ATTRS_INLINE 1
ifndef RF_CHANNEL
define RF_CHANNEL 26
endif /* RF_CHANNEL */
define CONTIKIMAC_CONF_BROADCAST_RATE_LIMIT 0
define IEEE802154_CONF_PANID 0xABCD
define SHELL_VARS_CONF_RAM_BEGIN 0x1100
define SHELL_VARS_CONF_RAM_END 0x2000
define PROFILE_CONF_ON 0
ifndef ENERGEST_CONF_ON
define ENERGEST_CONF_ON 1
endif /* ENERGEST_CONF_ON */
define ELFLOADER_CONF_TEXT_IN_ROM 0
ifndef ELFLOADER_CONF_DATAMEMORY_SIZE
define ELFLOADER_CONF_DATAMEMORY_SIZE 0x400
endif /* ELFLOADER_CONF_DATAMEMORY_SIZE */
ifndef ELFLOADER_CONF_TEXTMEMORY_SIZE
define ELFLOADER_CONF_TEXTMEMORY_SIZE 0x800
endif /* ELFLOADER_CONF_TEXTMEMORY_SIZE */
define AODV_COMPLIANCE
define AODV_NUM_RT_ENTRIES 32
define WITH_ASCII 1
define PROCESS_CONF_NUMEVENTS 8
define PROCESS_CONF_STATS 1
/#define PROCESS_CONF_FASTPOLL 4/
ifdef WITH_UIP6
define RIMEADDR_CONF_SIZE 8
define UIP_CONF_LL_802154 1
define UIP_CONF_LLH_LEN 0
define UIP_CONF_ROUTER 1
ifndef UIP_CONF_IPV6_RPL
define UIP_CONF_IPV6_RPL 1
endif /* UIP_CONF_IPV6_RPL */
/* configure number of neighbors and routes */
ifndef NBR_TABLE_CONF_MAX_NEIGHBORS
define NBR_TABLE_CONF_MAX_NEIGHBORS 20
endif /* NBR_TABLE_CONF_MAX_NEIGHBORS */
ifndef UIP_CONF_MAX_ROUTES
define UIP_CONF_MAX_ROUTES 20
endif /* UIP_CONF_MAX_ROUTES */
define UIP_CONF_ND6_SEND_RA 0
define UIP_CONF_ND6_REACHABLE_TIME 600000
define UIP_CONF_ND6_RETRANS_TIMER 10000
define UIP_CONF_IPV6 1
ifndef UIP_CONF_IPV6_QUEUE_PKT
define UIP_CONF_IPV6_QUEUE_PKT 0
endif /* UIP_CONF_IPV6_QUEUE_PKT */
define UIP_CONF_IPV6_CHECKS 1
define UIP_CONF_IPV6_REASSEMBLY 0
define UIP_CONF_NETIF_MAX_ADDRESSES 3
define UIP_CONF_ND6_MAX_PREFIXES 3
define UIP_CONF_ND6_MAX_DEFROUTERS 2
define UIP_CONF_IP_FORWARD 0
ifndef UIP_CONF_BUFFER_SIZE
define UIP_CONF_BUFFER_SIZE 240
endif
define SICSLOWPAN_CONF_COMPRESSION_IPV6 0
define SICSLOWPAN_CONF_COMPRESSION_HC1 1
define SICSLOWPAN_CONF_COMPRESSION_HC01 2
define SICSLOWPAN_CONF_COMPRESSION SICSLOWPAN_COMPRESSION_HC06
ifndef SICSLOWPAN_CONF_FRAG
define SICSLOWPAN_CONF_FRAG 1
define SICSLOWPAN_CONF_MAXAGE 8
endif /* SICSLOWPAN_CONF_FRAG */
define SICSLOWPAN_CONF_CONVENTIONAL_MAC 1
define SICSLOWPAN_CONF_MAX_ADDR_CONTEXTS 2
ifndef SICSLOWPAN_CONF_MAX_MAC_TRANSMISSIONS
define SICSLOWPAN_CONF_MAX_MAC_TRANSMISSIONS 5
endif /* SICSLOWPAN_CONF_MAX_MAC_TRANSMISSIONS */
else /* WITH_UIP6 */
define UIP_CONF_IP_FORWARD 1
define UIP_CONF_BUFFER_SIZE 108
endif /* WITH_UIP6 */
define UIP_CONF_ICMP_DEST_UNREACH 1
define UIP_CONF_DHCP_LIGHT
define UIP_CONF_LLH_LEN 0
ifndef UIP_CONF_RECEIVE_WINDOW
define UIP_CONF_RECEIVE_WINDOW 48
endif
ifndef UIP_CONF_TCP_MSS
define UIP_CONF_TCP_MSS 48
endif
define UIP_CONF_MAX_CONNECTIONS 4
define UIP_CONF_MAX_LISTENPORTS 8
define UIP_CONF_UDP_CONNS 12
define UIP_CONF_FWCACHE_SIZE 30
define UIP_CONF_BROADCAST 1
define UIP_ARCH_IPCHKSUM 1
define UIP_CONF_UDP 1
define UIP_CONF_UDP_CHECKSUMS 1
define UIP_CONF_PINGADDRCONF 0
define UIP_CONF_LOGGING 0
define UIP_CONF_TCP_SPLIT 0
endif /* CONTIKI_CONF_H */
Testing the MAC Protocol changes
Fire up your Cooja simulator and run a TMote sky device. Confused?? Don’t worry! Follow this Cooja Hello World Tutorial to get started on Cooja simulations immediately. Check device configurations in Mote Output Tool discussed in Cooja Tools.
| Node Id | 1 |
| Network Stack | Rime |
| MAC Protocol | CSMA |
| Radio Duty Cycle (RDC) Protocol | ContkiMAC |
| Sleep Cycle | 8 Hz |
| Channel | 26 |
With over 3 years of versatile experience in IT Specialist, Project Manager, CTO, and Coding Instructor roles, I bring a comprehensive skill set to my current position as a Senior IT Support Analyst at RBC Capital Markets. I am proficient in stakeholder management, envisioning, producing, and delivering well-tested software products, and optimizing business processes. My passion lies in two key areas: technical writing and cloud engineering.
My expertise in technical writing is evidenced by published works on esteemed platforms like Techflow360, FreeCodeCamp, and Elsevier. In the realm of cloud engineering, I am further bolstered by my Google Cloud Associate Cloud Engineer certification.
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